The dust is settling on a politically charged 2025 in Africa—a continent whose electoral landscape this year proved to be a complex mosaic of democratic progress and stark political setbacks. From the shores of West Africa to the Great Lakes region, millions cast their ballots, making their voices heard in a series of critical Presidential and Parliamentary races. But the outcomes, as is often the case, delivered more than just new leaders; they exposed deep fault lines, tested the resilience of young democracies, and challenged the very notion of constitutional order. Senior Election Observer Dr Christopher Fomunyoh unpacks the lessons from Presidential election across the continent including Cameroon, Tanzania, Guinea Bissau, Botswana, Namibia and Malawi.